Woven pile fabric



(Specimens) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

H. J. HOPE.

' WOVEN PILE FABRIG.

No. 547,608. Patented Oct. 8, 1895.

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(Specimens.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H.'J.HOPE. WOVEN PILE FABRIC- No. 547,608. Patented 0015.8, 1895.

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EJNTTED STATES PATENT Genres,

HERBERT JAMES HOPE, OF SANFORD, MAINE.

WOVEN PlLE FABRIC.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 547,608, dated October 8, 1895.

Application filed June 25, 1894- Serial No. 515,630. (SpecimenSJ To alt whom it may concern.-

Be 1t known that I, HERBERT JAMES HOPE,

a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, re-' been experienced due to the appearance of objectionable transverse creases or lines of separation appearing at the pile face of the fabric when cutand extending longitudinally across the same, and 'to finish this class of plush for market it has always been considered necessary to crush the pile to thereby en'- able it to better cover the spaces referred to.

I have experimented to produce a plush fabric by the method of double weaving which when out should not show the objectionable transverse furrows referred to. In the production, as now commonly practiced, of this class of fabric, the pile-warp threads, which are incorporated with the backing warp threads by the weft, are arranged in pairs and the threads of the pairs are passed from one to the other sets of backing-warps in regular order, so as to unite the pile-warp threads and body-warp threads, the weave being such that if all the pile-warp threads should be woven with but one set of body warp andlweft anddrawn solidly into one fabric the face of the fabric would present a herringbone pattern, requiring eight picks for the two inclines of the pattern that is, four picks for one angle and four picks for the next or opposite angle of the herring-bone, and so on; or, in other words, supposing that four sets of pile warps worked in pairs are being incorporated with four sets of backing-warps arranged in two difierenthorizontal planes to thus make two fabrics, said pile-warp threads will be reed into the four harness-frames uniformly in the regular order of 1 2 3 4,1 2 3 4, &c., entirely across the loom, each of said pilewarp threads remaining in one back for four picks and then being carried at the fifth pick to the other back, Where it remains for four picks, and is then taken again to the other back, each thread of each serial set of pile-warp threads always occupying the same position with relationto the other threads of the remaining sets of pile-warp threads. The double fabric so produced is separated into two fabrics by cutting the pile-warp threads centrally between the woven backs, and when the fabric is subsequently washed, dyed, and sheared the pile-loops held by the weft in the back separate and form furrows across the fabric, the furrows being most marked in the line of each fourth pick, for in that line occurs the change of angle of the herring-bone. In my experiments to obviate theappearance of these transverse furrows in the fabric I have discovered that by simply changing the order of reeding in of the pile-warp threads into the heddles of the harnessframes-i. e., that instead of reeding the four sets of pile-warp threads into the harness-frames in the order 1 2 3 4, 1 2 3 4 across the loom, such order of reeding in being the one now used, so far as I am aware, for weaving mohair plushI reed in said pile-warp threads alternately in the orderl234c, 2143, 1234,5214 3,&c.,across the loom, so that at some parts of the width of the fabric the pile-warp threads in No. 1 harness-frame may lie at the right of the threads of No. 2 harness, and at other parts of the width of the fabric the threads of No. 1 harness will lie at the left of the threads of No 2 harness, such new order of reeding in of the pile-warp threads resulting in a more uniform spacing of the tufts or loops of pile on the weftthreads, effecting a better crossing of the loops of pile, and breaking up the tendency of the loops in the finished fabric to separate and thus show cross-furrows.

I shall herein describe my invention as practiced by the employment of four sets of pile-warp threads in four harness-frames; but it will be understood that more than that number of pile-warp threads and harnessframes may be used in pairs, so long as the order of reeding in in pairs of alternate sets ICC) are reversed, as described, at different por' tions of the width of the fabric or loom, such reeding in instead of producing a herringbone under the conditions described prodncing a regular diagonal from salvage to selvage.

Figure 1 is a diagram showing the outer side of the back of one fabric with the backing and pile warp threads separated, but united by weft in accordance with my invention. Figs. 2 and 3 represent longitudinal sections of the double-woven fabric in the lines a: and a", Fig. 1, to show the reverse reeding in of the pile-warp threads of one pair of threads. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the reeding in of the warps into the harnessframes and the relation of the warps to the (lent-spaces. Fig. 5 is section through between the two backs, taken on the line :0 90 Fig. 2.

Referring first to Fig. 4, let 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 represent harness-frames having usual heddles, while the brackets 9, 10, 11, and 12 are drawn to indicate dent-spaces of the reed, each dent-space in this instance of my invention containing four threads; butit will be obvious that if more than four sets of pile-warp threads are used each set will have its own harnesss, or if more than four sets of backingwarp threads are used each will have its own harness, and consequently the number of threads in a dent-space may be varied without departing from my invention.

I have designated the four sets of pile-warp threads by the letters 19 19 19 19 and the four sets of backing-warp threads by the letters 11 b b Z2 and, referring to Fig. 4, it will be seen that the pile warp p is drawn into harness 1 and 13 into harness 2, p and ]J2 constituting one pair, and that the pile warp p is drawn into harness 3 and the pile warp 13 into harness 4,19 and p constituting the second pair, the pile warps p 19 being in one dent-space and the pile warps 19 being in another dentspace. The dent-space 9, shown as containing the pile warps 1) p is also shown as containing the body warps b b and the dentspace 10 the body warps 1) b the body warps I) being reed through heddles of harnessframe 5, Z) through heddles of harness-frame 6, b through heddles of harness-frame 7, and b through heddles of harness-frame 8. It will be seen in said Fig. 4 that the pile-warp threads are reed into the harness-frames 1 2 3 4, so as to stand in the two dents 9 10 in the order p p 19 13 but that a little farther along, as shown, in the next two dents 11 and 12 the pile-warp threads are reed into the harness-frames in the order p p 19 13 or that at some points of the width of the fabric the threads of harness-frame 1 lie at the left of threads in harness-frame 2 and at other points just the reverse, and it will also be understood that the backing warps are reed into the harness-frames and the dents 9 10 in the order 11 h I) h and they are reed in the same order opposite the dents 11 12, or, in other words the reeding in of the body-warp threads into the harnessesis uniform; but the reeding in of the pile-warp threads is reversed alternately across the fabric, so that instead of reeding in in the order 1 2 3 4, 1 2 3 4 they are reed in, as stated, in the order 1 2 3 4, 2 1 4 3, ($0.

Referring to Fig. 1, representing one side of the fabric, I have employed the four brackets 9 10 11 12 to represent the dent-spaces, and I have designated the threads from the different harness-frames by different letters; but inasmuch as the threads I) and b work in pairs and b and b in pairs, and I) appearing in one fabric and not in the other, the backing warps b and b are not shown in Fig. 1, and they could not be shown in such a fig ure because they lie, it is supposed, exactly under the threads b I); but they are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Referring to Fig. 1, it will be noticed that the pile-warp th reads 712 11 are reed in in the order 1 2 3 4 in the heddles and through the dents 9 10, but that at a little distance farther along in the width of the fabric said pile-warp threads in the same harness-frame are so placed in the heddle-eyes as to occupy different relative positions, or they are reed in in the order p p p p, or, in other words, in the dent 9 the thread p of harness-frame 2 is at the left of the thread 19' of harness-frame 1, while farther along to the right, opposite space 11, the pile warp p in harness-frame 2 is at the right ofv the pilewarp thread 1) in harness-frame 1, such reeding constituting reverse reeding in.

Figs. 2 and 3 show longitudinal sections of the fabric in the lines ac as at one side of the pairs of threadspp and said figures show the different relative positions of the said threads at difierent places in the fabric, and it will be seen that in Fig. 2, p is behind 132, whereas in Fig. 3, p is behind 19'. In Fig. 5, which is ahorizontal section taken between the two backs, the different relative positions of the threads 19', 12 p and p are clearly shown, the reversing of the order of such threads, as 19 p, p, and 19 being also distinctly shown. It will also be noticed that each warp-thread remains four picks in the back of one fabric, then goes to the other back and remains four picks, the warp-threads p 19 being crossed in pairs.

The drawings do not show a section representing the pile-warp threads and 11 but said pile-warp threads would be turned from one to the other back about the weftthreads 10 w The arrangement of the pile-warp threads in the harness-frames in the order 1 2 3 4 constitute whatI shall designate as regular pairs, and the arrangement of said threads or the reeding thereof in the order 2 14 3 as reversed pairs.

This invention is not necessarily limited to the particular order of reeding in of thebaeking warps, and the backs of the fabrics may be woven together or united by the weft in any usual or suitable weave, my invention residing wholly in the manipulation of the pile-warp threads irrespective of the particular weave in the backing-warps.

Having described my invention, What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A double pile fabric consisting of two woven backs composed of backing Warp threads and weft threads, and pairs of regular and reversely arranged pile warp threads united alternately at intervals one thread of each pair to both backs by the said wefts, the reversal of the arrangement of the pairs of the sets of pile warp threads at intervals across the fabric preventing the formation of name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HERBERT JAMES HOPE.

Witnesses:

GEO. W. GREGORY, EMMA J. BENNETT. 

